Friederike Ergas to the American Guild, January 1940

In this letter Friederike Ergas describes the living situation of her friends Jenny Schaffer Bernstein and Otto Bernstein who urgently need financial support from the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom to pay for their visa for America.

7. Januar 1940

Pyla sur Mer, Gironde

An die AMERICAN GUILD FOR GERMAN CULTURAL FREEDOM Inc.

New York, N.Y. 20 Vesey Street

Sehr geehrter Herr,

Ich erlaube mir mit diesen Zeilen Ihre gütige Aufmerksamkeit auf ein Künstlerpaar zu lenken, das gegenwärtig noch in Berlin lebt,- das heisst, wie Sie wissen: sein Dasein in Qual dahinbringt. Die Namen Frau Jenny Schaffer-Bernstein und Otto Bernstein, ihr Mann. Wohnhaft: Berlin-Halensee, Joachim-Friedrichstrasse 43, Gartenhaus 3.

Frau Jenny Schaffer war jahrelang Mitglied der Dresdner Hofbühne, wo sie eine allererste, künstlerische Stellung einnahm, ausserordentlich beliebt bei Publikum und dem gesamten Theaterpersonal. Der Umschwung kam. Sie musste ihre Stellung aufgeben und siedelte mit ihrer Familie, Mann und Sohn, nach Berlin über. – Dort spielte sie während der 6 vergangenen Jahre alle Hauptrollen  in neugegründeten Kulturbundtheater. So zuletzt in der Zeit, als man die Synagogen überall in Brand setzte – spielte sie 4 Monate lang täglich unter Lebensgefahr die Hauptrolle der ‘Frau Alving’ in Ibsen ‘Gespenster’, nur um den armen, verquälten Menschen, die sich doch noch am Abend aus dem Haus wagten – ein paar Stunden der Erbauung zu geben.

Ihr Mann Otto Bernstein ist der im früheren Deutschland sehr bekannte Vertragsmeister. Er hat auch oft aus Thomas Mann’s Schriften gelesen und es wird gebeten sich bei Herrn Thomas Mann eventuell eine Auskunft über Otto einzuholen. Infolge der Zeitumstände hat sich Otto Bernstein natürlich auch Umstellen müssen. Er ist heute Buchbinder und gelernter Buchdrucker und kann jederzeit in diesem Berufe für sich und seine Frau den Lebensunterhalt verdienen. Dazu kommt dass Otto Bernstein eine verheiratete Schwester hat, sie seit mehreren Jahren schon nach Chile mit ihrem Mann, der auch Buchbinder ist, ausgewandert und dort bereits seit langem eine Lebensposition errungen hat – sodass sie ihren Bruder und dessen Frau dort fürs erste aufnehmen und behilflich sein könnte beim Beginn des neuen Lebensaufbaues. Ihr Sohn, ein 19 jähriger begabter  Mensch, ist vor einem halben Jahr nach Shanghai ausgewandert und hat heute nach sehr schweren Zeiten, bereits eine Position als Sekretär bei einer amerikanischen Schriftstellerin. Seine Adresse ist: Wolfgang Bernstein, ℅ E. Hahn 1826 Avenue Joffre, Shanghai.

Wie mir mitgeteilt ist – hat Frau Jenny Schaffer und ihr Gatte alle zur Ausreise erforderlichen Dokumente, Billets und Affidavit,- es fehlt ihnen Beide aber die Summe von 350 Dollar für das Visum.- Holländische Freunde und ich selber haben mit grosser Mühe, denn man ist selber Rèfugie – die Summe von 100 Dollar zusammen bekommen, aber die restlichen 250 Dol. fehlen und wir haben die bittersten Sorgen um diese beiden Menschen, die in besseren Zeiten selber anderen halfen wo sie nur konnten. Die so viel Gutes getan haben an Bedürftigen. Daher wage ich die aufrichtige Bitte und kann vor allem die absolute Versicherung geben, dass diese beiden wertvollen Menschen, die von Bernstein’s Schwester in Chile sofort aufgenommen werden könnten, – dort niemanden zur Last fielen. Im Gegenteil wohl gleich in jeder weise ein nutzbringendes Leben zu führen imstande wären.

In dem tiefen Glauben und der Hoffnung, dass meine Darlegung und Bitte ein gütiges, geneigtes Ohr finden – erlaube ich mir noch auf die entsetzliche Gefahr aufmerksam zu machen, die in den neuen Verordnungen – die Zwangsdeportationen nach Polen betreffend – bestehen, dass daher schnelle Hilfe ein Gotteswerk wäre,

Zeichne ich mit dem Ausdruck meiner ergebenden Hochachtung

Friederike Ergas

7 January 1940

Pyla sur Mer, Gironde

To the AMERICAN GUILD FOR GERMAN CULTURAL FREEDOM Inc.

New York, N.Y. 20 Vesey Street

Dear Sir,

With these lines I take the liberty of drawing your kind attention to a couple of artists who at present still live in Berlin,- that is, as you know: passing their existence in torment. The names are Mrs. Jenny Schaffer-Bernstein and Otto Bernstein, her husband. Residence: Berlin-Halensee, Joachim-Friedrichstrasse 43, garden house 3.

Mrs. Jenny Schaffer was a member of the Dresdner Hofbühne for years, where she held a top artistic position, extremely popular with the audience and the entire theater staff. The turn came. She had to give up her position and moved with her family, husband and son, to Berlin. There she played all the leading roles in the newly founded Kulturbundtheater for the past 6 years. Recently in time, when the synagogues were set on fire everywhere, she played the leading role of ‘Frau Alving’ in Ibsen ‘Gespenster’ every day for 4 months, at the risk of her own life, just to give a few hours of edification to the poor, tormented people who still dared to leave the house in the evening.

Her husband Otto Bernstein is the master of contracts, very well known in former Germany. He also often read from Thomas Mann’s writings and it is requested to ask for information about Otto from Mr. Thomas Mann. Due to the circumstances of the time, Otto Bernstein has of course also had to change his job. Today he is a bookbinder and skilled printer and can earn a living for himself and his wife in this profession at any time. In addition, Otto Bernstein has a married sister who emigrated to Chile several years ago with her husband, who is also a bookbinder, and who has already achieved a position for life – so that she could take in her brother and his wife there for the time being and help them start a new life. Her son, a 19 year old gifted person, emigrated half a year ago to Shanghai and has today, after very difficult times, a position as a secretary with an American writer. His address is: Wolfgang Bernstein, ℅ E. Hahn 1826 Avenue Joffre, Shanghai.

As I am informed – Mrs. Jenny Schaffer and her husband have all the documents necessary for departure, billets and affidavit,- but they both lack the sum of 350 dollars for the visa. Dutch friends and I have, with great difficulty, because one is a refugee oneself – put together the sum of 100 dollars, but the remaining 250 dollars are missing. We have the bitterest worries about these two people, who in better times themselves helped others where they could. Who did so much good to those in need. Therefore, I dare the sincere request and can above all give the absolute assurance that these two valuable people, who could be immediately taken in by Bernstein’s sister in Chile, – would not be a burden to anyone there. On the contrary, they would be able to lead a useful life in every way.

In the deep faith and hope that my presentation and request will find a kind, sympathetic ear, I take the liberty of calling attention to the dreadful danger that exists in the new decrees concerning the forced deportations to Poland, and that quick help would therefore be a work of God.

I sign with the expression of my highest consideration

Friederike Ergas

Jenny Schaffer Bernstein (1888-1943) born in Vienna was a Jewish Austrian actress in Germany. She first appeared professionally on stage in 1911 at the Deutsches Theater, under the direction of Max Reinhardt. In 1913 she worked at the Royal Court Theater in Dresden, and from 1919 she worked at the Dresden Schauspielhaus. After the Nazis came to power, her career was greatly affected, and she decided to move to Berlin with her husband, Otto Bernstein. There she became a member of the Jewish Cultural Association, where she often performed.

Otto Bernstein (1887-1943) was a German actor and director. He worked at the Hildesheim City Theater after training in Berlin. In 1919 he worked in Berlin again and then in Dresden, where he worked as a director for the first time. In 1933, like his wife, his career was severely affected by the Nazis, as they were both excluded from the German cultural scene. He then also became a member of the Jewish Cultural League. In the spring of 1943, Jenny Schaffer Bernstein and Otto Bernstein were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and murdered. It can be assumed that the couple never received the money from the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom.

The American Guild for German Cultural Freedom was an organization that helped German artists, writers, and intellectuals in exile whose work opportunities were impaired by the fascist government in Germany. The goal of the organization was to keep German culture alive outside of Germany, as it could not survive and thrive within German borders. The American Guild for German Cultural Freedom helped these people by providing financial support. The refugee experience of the German exiles was different for each individual. One of the main difficulties in fleeing is adjusting to a completely new place and finding a support system. The American Guild for German Cultural Freedom tried to help the German exiles with this adjustment so that they could also focus on their work at the same time.

Letter from Friederike Ergas to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, January 1940 © Deutsches Exilarchiv 1933–1945 der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek –  German Exile Archive 1933-1945 from the German National Library.