The first years in Germany as Jewish refugee

In this Interview, Alexandra Sadownik rembers how it was when her family arrived in Germany in 1998. For several years, Alexandra lived in a small room with three generations in a mass shelter. Alexandra tells her story about how she and her family struggled with German administrations and institutions, but also how her sister supported her in their new home.

In Bleche (North Rhine-Westphalia), many Jewish quota refugees and late repatriates from the successor states of the Soviet Union spent their first years in the Federal Republic of Germany. Housed in an empty school, the interviewer’s mother celebrated her 25th birthday in 1995. © Private property of the interviewer

Wir sind 1998 in einer Sammelunterkunft gemeinsam mit anderen Juden und Jüdinnen und Spätaussiedlern und Spätaussiedlerinnen in Kiel angekommen. Dort haben wir dann einige Jahre mit drei Generationen in einem Zimmer gelebt. Wir hätten vermutlich schon früher eine richtige Wohnung bekommen können, aber aufgrund sprachlicher Probleme haben wir das nicht so ganz verstanden. Meine Schwester musste mit ihren 13 schon bei den Behörden für meine Eltern übersetzen, denn sie hat in Usbekistan bereits angefangen Deutsch zu lernen.

Für mich war es damals gar nicht so schlimm wie für meine Eltern. Ich hatte aber trotzdem oft Heimweh. Eines Tages hatte ich Windpocken und meine Schwester hat mir dann ein Tamagotchi 11Das Tamagotchi ist ein aus Japan stammendes Elektrospielzeug, mit dem ein Haustier digital simuliert wird. als Symbol unseres früheren Lebens geschenkt. Denn in Usbekistan hatten wir eine Terrasse, wo alle Nachbarskinder zusammenkamen, um mit dem einen Tamagotchi gemeinsam zu spielen, das unsere gesamte Nachbarschaft hatte. Das hat mir Trost gespendet.

Für meine Schwester war die Ankunft in Deutschland schwieriger. In Usbekistan hatte sie lauter russische Fünfen, was hier der Note Eins entspricht. Als sie hier ankam, erhielt sie eine Hauptschulempfehlung, um so Deutsch zu lernen. Dort hat sie sich aber super unterfordert gefühlt. Trotz Sprachbarrieren hat sie sich zum Beispiel im Matheunterricht einfach nur gelangweilt. Und dann musste mein Vater wirklich eingreifen. Mit seinem gebrochenen Deutsch ist er persönlich mit meiner Schwester an ein Gymnasium gegangen und hat ihnen zu verstehen gegeben, dass seine Tochter unbedingt auf ein Gymnasium muss, sonst würde sie die Motivation verlieren sich überhaupt weiterzubilden. Und dann wurde sie angenommen. Aber für sie war das schon schwer mit dem Deutschlernen und auch Freundefinden. Da unterscheiden wir uns auch. Sie hat eher russische Freunde und eine russische Clique und ich hatte nicht so den Bezug zu russischsprachigen Kindern und Jugendlichen außerhalb der jüdischen Ferienlager. 22Jüdische Ferienlager – auf hebräisch Machanot genannt – finden zweimal im Jahr während den Sommer- und Winterferien statt. Diese Ferienlager sind wichtige Orte für gerade Jüd*innen aus der Sowjetunion, um dort in einem sicheren Rahmen ihre jüdische Identität zu entdecken und zu zelebrieren. Dort habe ich gleichgesinnte getroffen die einen ähnlichen Hintergrund hatten wie ich. Das fand ich total schön, sich mit Gleichgesinnten auszutauschen über Schwierigkeiten in Deutschland. Bei meinen Eltern war eine hohe Last. Ja, eine hohe Last hat da auf sie gewirkt. Und das kann ich auch erst so im Nachhinein sagen. Als Kind habe ich davon nicht so viel mitbekommen, dass das so eine Belastung war und sie immer wieder behördliche Dinge klären mussten.

    Footnotes

  • 1Das Tamagotchi ist ein aus Japan stammendes Elektrospielzeug, mit dem ein Haustier digital simuliert wird.
  • 2Jüdische Ferienlager – auf hebräisch Machanot genannt – finden zweimal im Jahr während den Sommer- und Winterferien statt. Diese Ferienlager sind wichtige Orte für gerade Jüd*innen aus der Sowjetunion, um dort in einem sicheren Rahmen ihre jüdische Identität zu entdecken und zu zelebrieren.

We arrived in a mass shelter in Kiel in 1998 with other Jews and German repatriates. There we had to live in a single room with three generations. Maybe it would have been possible for us to move into a proper apartment more early, but due understanding issues with the German language we did not know how. My 13-year-old sister had to support my family as interpreter when dealing with authorities in Germany. She started learning German in Uzbekistan.

For me it was back then not as bad as for my parents. But I felt homesick quite often. One day, I was suffering from chickenpox and my sister gifted me a Tamagotchi 11A Tamagochi is a toy from Japan. It simulates a pet digitally. as symbol of our former live. In Uzbekistan we used to have a terrace where all the kids in the neighborhood gathered. One child had a Tamagotchi with which we all played. This gift gave me comfort.

For my sister, arriving in Germany was hard. Back in Uzbekistan, she used to have fivers as grades, which would be ones in Germany. When she arrived in Germany, she received a recommendation for the Hauptschule 22Hauptschule offers the lowest secondary education in Germany. due to her lack of German. But there she felt unchallenged. Even though she did not fully understand German. For example, in mathematics she felt bored. And then my father interfered. With his broken German, he consulted the headmaster of a Gymnasium personally and demanded for my sister to go to the Gymnasium. If not, she would have lost her motivation for learning end education. Eventually, she got accepted. Learning German and finding friends was hard for her. That’s where our experiences differentiate. She tends to have more Russian speaking friends and I never had such a deep conn ection to Russian speaking children and teenagers outside our Jewish Holiday Camps. 33Jewish Holiday Camps – called Machanot in Hebrew – are offered twice a year during the winter and summer break. They have been important culturally for Soviet Jews as places to celebrate and learn about their Jewish identity. There I met like-mined children with similar backgrounds like mine. It was amazing for me to talk about our similar experiences and difficulties in Germany. My parents had to carry a big burden. Yes, a very big burden indeed. And I am just starting to reflect on this afterwards. As a child, I did not notice it frequently. They have been stressed constantly by the authorities.

    Footnotes

  • 1A Tamagochi is a toy from Japan. It simulates a pet digitally.
  • 2Hauptschule offers the lowest secondary education in Germany.
  • 3Jewish Holiday Camps – called Machanot in Hebrew – are offered twice a year during the winter and summer break. They have been important culturally for Soviet Jews as places to celebrate and learn about their Jewish identity.

Alexandra Sadownik 11Surname changed.  was born in 1993 in Uzbekistan. After the reunification of Germany, the Central Council of Jews in Germany and Eastern German politicians worked on a immigration program for Jews in the former states of the Soviet Union. This was initiated due to the decreasing number of Jews living in post-Shoa Germany. With the offer of resettlement, Germany aimed to end the reconciliation. Since the 1990, approximately 200.000 Jews and their family members immigrated from successor states of the Soviet Union to Germany. Today, they define 90 percent of the Jewish population in Germany. Alexandra and her family migrated in 1998 to Germany as so called jüdische Kontingentflüchtlinge (Jewish Quota Refugees). They lived in a immigration shelter with other migrants from the former Soviet Union in Kiel for some years.

Today, Alexandra trains to become a German language teacher. Since many years, she is engaged in youth and student organization as scholarship holder from the Hans-Böckler-Stiftung.

In this Interview, Alexandra Sadownik rembers how it was when her family arrived in Germany in 1998. For several years, Alexandra lived in a small room with three generations in a mass shelter. Alexandra tells her story about how she and her family struggled with German administrations and institutions, but also how her sister supported her in their new home.

    Footnotes

  • 1Surname changed.

The interview was conducted, analyzed and translated by Daniel Heinz on March the 26th in 2021 via zoom as part of a cooperation between Freie Universität Berlin and the We Refugees Archive. The original interview was conducted in German and Russian. Daniel translated the interview in English. Daniel and Alexandra were introduced to each other during a youth project from the embassy of the state of Israel in Berlin. They both have a common migration history from the successor states of the former Soviet Union to Germany in the 1990s.

Under the supervision of Prof. Schirin Amir-Moazami, students in the seminar “Narratives of Refugees in the Light of Border Regime Studies” (winter term 2020/21) worked on critical methods of qualitative social research as well as literary and scientific texts on the topic of border regimes.

Border regime studies primarily focus on the political, economic and legal conditions that produce migration and borders as social phenomena in the first place.

In cooperation with the We Refugees Archive, the seminar participants conducted interviews with refugees about their everyday experiences in Germany or wrote articles on the common topics of the seminar and the archive.