איך װיל אונטערשטרײַכן אַז דאָס גוטס, װאָס עס איז צו מיר געטאָן געװאָרן, מײנט ניט, אַז עס איז געטאָן געװאָרן נאָר צו מיר. יעדער פֿון די פּליטים װעט קענען דערצײלן די מעשׂים טובֿים, װאָס עס האָבן צו זײ געטאָן אַנדערע ייִדן פֿון פֿאַרשײדענע קרײַזן אין ליטע. […] לויטן באַקאַנטן שפּרוך אַז “אין אַ נויט דערקענט מען אַ פֿרײַנד” – האָבן ייִדן אין קאָװנער ליטע זיך אַנטפּלעקט װי האַרציקע, נשמהדיקע, װאַרעמע ברידער. זײ האָבן פֿאַרשטאַנען – אויפֿן אײדלסטן אופֿן – צו לינדערן די מאַטעריעלע נויטן פֿון זײערע אומגליקלעכע ברידער און שװעסטער פֿון פּוילן. מיט אומגעװײנטלעכער פֿרײַנטשאַפֿט האָבן זײ זיך געמיט צו הײלן צי האַרץ־ און נשמה־װוּנדן פֿון די פּליטים. […] איך האָב דערקענט די ליטװאַקעס, סײַ װי יחידים און סײַ װי אַ קאָלעקטיװ. איך זאָג עדות, אַז זײ האָבן פֿאַרדינט די װירדיקסטע באַצײכענונג – װאָס עס קלינגט באַזונדערס שטאָלץ אין דער איצטיקער אַכזריותדיקער צײַט – זײ זײַנען געװען מענטשן!
I would like to emphasize that all the good that has happened to me does not mean that it happened only to me. Each of the refugees will be able to tell about the good deeds that other Jews from different circles in Lithuania have done for them. […] According to the well-known saying that “one recognizes a friend in need” – Jews in Kovner Lithuania have shown themselves to be warm, soulful, warm brothers. They understood – in the noblest way – how to alleviate the material hardships of their unhappy brothers and sisters from Poland. With extraordinary friendship, they endeavoured to heal both the wounds of the heart and soul of those who had fled. […] I recognized the Litvaks [Lithuanian Jews], both as individuals and collectively. I testify that they deserve the most honourable title – which sounds particularly proud in the terrible times of today – they were human beings!
Moyshe Mandelman (1895-1963) was born in Siedlce, Poland, and was an active member of the Folks-partey (People’s Party), the Bund, and the Craftsmen’s Union. In 1918, he moved to Kiev, where he worked as an assistant manager of the Jewish Folk Publishing House (Yidisher folks-farlag), collecting materials about the pogroms in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War (1918-1920), as well as folklore and ethnographic material. From 1921 to 1923, he was in Baranovich as the official representative of the Ukrainian Jewish Community and helped thousands of Jews in emigration and remigration matters. From 1929, he traveled on behalf of the Tshisho (Central Jewish School Organization) in Poland, Western Europe, the Baltic States, and Scandivania until he arrived in Vilnius as a refugee in the chaos of the war in 1940. The Jewish aid networks and solidarity among Jews left a lasting impression on him. In 1941, with the help of the Jewish Workers Committee, he was able to leave Vilnius for the United States, where he was active in various Jewish institutions until his death in 1963. 11For biographical details, see Fogel, Joshua. Moyshe Mandelman. Yiddish Leksikon. http://yleksikon.blogspot.com/2017/07/moyshe-mandelman.htm.
Excerpt:
Mandelman, Moyshe, 1951, S. 1333–1358. In freyd un leyd tsvishn litvishe yidn, in: Lite, Band 1. New York, Kultur-Gezelshaft fun Litvishe Yidn.
Shortly after the German attack on Poland on September 1, 1939, it was decided within the first week of the war that the Polish government was to be withdrawn eastbound as Warsaw was threatened. The Polish press, among them representatives of the Jewish Polish press, was to be rescued as part of the evacuation plans.
On 8 February, 1940, Pese R. entered the office of the "Committee to Collect Material about the Destruction of Polish Jewry, 1939" in Vilnius, Lithuania in order to give an interview. She was one of many Polish Jewish refugees who had found shelter in Vilnius.
On 21 December, 1939, Chaim-Leyb D. was interviewed by the "Committee to Collect Material about the Destruction of Polish Jewry, 1939" in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Among the more than 10,000 Jews who were stranded in Vilnius in the fall of 1939 there was the librarian and political activist Herman Kruk from Warsaw. His exceptional diary records and press reports sketch a mosaic of the heterogenous society of refugees in Vilnius since the beginning of the war.
Benzion Benshalom wrote in the winter of 1939/40 about the desperate atmosphere and the sad cityscape in Vilnius.
On the night of September 5-6, 1939, only a few days after the German attack on Poland, a group of Jewish journalists and writers…
On the night of September 5-6, 1939, only a few days after the German attack on Poland, a group of Jewish journalists and writers…
On November 27, 1939, Motel Grajer, a Yeshivah student from Markuszów, Poland, who had escaped the Germans to Vilnius, gave an interview to the…
On 21 December 1939, Chaim-Leyb D. was interviewed by the “Committee to Collect Material about the Destruction of Polish Jewry 1939” about his flight…
On 8 February, 1940, Pese R. entered the office of the “Committee to Collect Material about the Destruction of Polish Jewry, 1939” in Vilnius,…
On November 16, 1939, Owsiej Bułkin was the seventh refugee stranded in Vilnius who gave a report to the Komitet tsu zamlen materialn vegn…
Mendel Balberyszski (1894-1966) was born in Vilnius but had been living in Łódź for over a decade at the outbreak of the Second World…