We Refugees Archive

  • Istanbul, present Refuge Metropolis between Normality and Precarity 31
  • New York City in the 1930s and 1940s “If you can make it here…” 71
  • New York today Still a city of promise? 35
  • Istanbul since 1933 Rescue with Reservations 54
  • Paris in the interwar period Capitale de Refuge 73
  • Berlin since the 2nd World War Exile, Transit, Emergency Shelter 93
  • Palermo today City of Accommodation? 44
  • Vilnius 1939/40 A Garden of Eden in Times of War? 57
  • The Decision to Flee and Experiences of Flight 134
  • New Beginnings and Visions for the Future 255
  • Support Networks 168
  • Questions of Identity: Continuities and Ruptures 200
  • Experiences of Discrimination and Exclusion 124
Practice
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Mascha Kaléko in Greenwich Village Tracey Felder and Michael Simonson

“…, I was aware immediately after their seizure of power that there were generally no prospects for Jews for a future in Germany.”

Mascha Kalékos Letter to the Federal Restituion Authority, December 1957

As part of her year-long efforts to obtain material restitution for her persecution by Nazi Germany, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) described her attempts…

“Still, still, still we experienced Paris.”

Mascha Kaléko about her flight from Germany

In a diary entry of 27 January 1939, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) traces her escape from Germany to New York in the autumn…

“This period of time, although my ‘unproductive’ one, is deep and very filled.”

Mascha Kalékos diary entry about the beginning of the war and her safe situation in exile

In a diary entry from September 1939, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) reflects on the outbreak of the war in Europe and her own…

“For the first few days, we felt with this town like a ‘honeymooner’ with his brand-new, beloved wife.”

Mascha Kaléko about her first impressions from New York

A couple of months after her flight to New York, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) describes her first impressions of the city in a…

“We have never been ‘refugees’ as we are now.”

Mascha Kaléko about serious material concerns as a refugee in New York, 1941

In a diary entry in New York on June 20, 1941, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) describes the many, mainly material, worries as a…

“A little bit of homesickness is haunting all my emigration poems.”

Mascha Kaléko on emigration and homesickness in spring

In an interview with Sender Freies Berlin on 1 June 1956, the poet Mascha Kaléko (1907-1975) looks back on her first years of emigration…

“Of course, it stays the same, […]
If I say home, not Heimat”

The Slight Difference

Poem by Mascha Kaléko (ca. 1938)

“No matter where I travel,
I go to Nowhereland”

Not a Children’s Song

Poem by Mascha Kaléko

“Just the ‘sickness’ stayed.
The ‘home’s’ away.”

Homesick, for What?

Poem by Mascha Kaléko, written in Israel in 1960’s

“The Gestapo had put a gun to my cheast.”

Hilde Marx: Escape to the USA

Hilde Marx (born November 1, 1911 in Bayreuth) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career…

“The women managed to feed themselves and their husbands while studying, and they didn’t cut faces.”

Hilde Marx: First impressions of New York

Hilde Marx (born November 1, 1911 in Bayreuth) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career…

“At the same time, we wanted to conquer New York in one day, or even America, we wanted to send it all off yesterday. And then we became disillusioned, saw how insanely difficult it is.”

Hilde Marx: Affidavit for the parents

Hilde Marx (born November 1, 1911 in Bayreuth) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career…

“I still maintain today that each of us, I do not exclude myself, has taken away some damage. A trauma that for some is so bad that they end up in a sanatorium somewhere, or worse: suicide.”

Hilde Marx: Flight as a break in life

Hilde Marx (born November 1, 1911 in Bayreuth) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career…

“Nevertheless, my sense of responsibility forbids me to register with you for the emergency list – I am better off than unfortunately many others, because I still have honest hope in me.”

Hilde Marx’s inquiries for support of the American Guild for Cultural Freedom

Hilde Marx (1911-1986) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career was only just beginning when…

“I guess you know how much I care about this work of mine and how hard it is on the other hand to keep going and work in this field at the same time.”

Gaining a foothold as a writer in the USA – Letter from Hilde Marx to the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom

Hilde Marx (1911-1986) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career was only just beginning when…

Hilde Marx: “We Outside”

Hilde Marx (1911-1986) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career was only just beginning when…

Hilde Marx: Ballad of a Nurse

Hilde Marx (1911-1986) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career was only just beginning when…

“Tomorrow you too may yourself be shut out,
to wander and wander and wander …“

Hilde Marx: Ballad for a farewell

Hilde Marx (1911-1986) was a German-American poet, writer and journalist. She is one of the authors whose writing career was only just beginning when…

“Was home there? – Is home here?”

Poem by Hertha Nathorff “Home – where?”

Hertha Nathorff, née Einstein (1895-1993) was a German pediatrician, psychotherapist and social worker. With the help of American relatives, she managed to emigrate to…

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